![]() ![]() Entomopathogenic fungi are biological agents that do not produce harmful effects on the environment thus, they could be called ‘green pesticides’ (Sandhu et al. An eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides is biopesticide, which has the characteristics of a wide range of sources, great potential for improvement, low drug resistance, and lower nontarget toxicity, including lack of mammalian toxicity (Walia et al. The large-scale use of chemical pesticides also pollutes the environment, including soil and water, and poses great risks to humans and animals (Deng et al. However, the quantity and frequency of chemical pesticide spraying have increased annually, which has resulted in increased resistance among pests (Damalas and Koutroubas Citation2018). To date, chemical insecticides are the most frequently and widely used to control agricultural pests and human disease vectors (Gupta et al. Furthermore, human disease vectors, such as mosquitos, are responsible for about one million deaths annually (World Health Organization Citation2017). anisopliae can be an efficient biocontrol agent and has great potential for further research and development.Īgricultural pests, such as ticks, termites, grasshoppers, and locusts, have caused great economic losses in many countries and regions in the world (Nourrisson et al. Several studies of this fungus pathogen demonstrated that M. Here, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis and formulation strategies, as well as the host ranges and molecular approaches of increasing virulence and efficacy. anisopliae as a cost-effective fungal biopesticide. For prospects, more in-depth research to improve fermentation and formulation technologies is needed, while multistress-tolerant and engineering entomopathogenic strains are selected to promote the widespread acceptance and usefulness of M. anisopliae and capable techniques for its transformation have brought several developments in its use as a pest controller. The availability of the complete genome of M. The conidia can directly infect arthropod pests by penetrating their cuticular layer. anisopliae is typically used as a chemical in dry or liquid formulations of large numbers of aerial conidia. ![]() anisopliae), as an invertebrate fungal pathogen, has played a significant role in the control of many agricultural pests and human disease vectors. Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae, M. ![]()
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